Các nguyên liệu nấu phở – Hình minh họa
Webmin là trang web để quản lí Linux server nên người ta phân loại webmin là web control panel.
Webmin được viết chủ yếu bằng ngôn ngữ lập trình Perl từ năm 1997.
Ngày xưa để cài webmin bạn phải gõ từng lệnh Linux bằng tay như khai báo kho rpm trên dòng Red Hat và các biến thể của Red Hat như CentOS, Fedora, Oracle Linux… sau đó mới có thành quả cuối cùng là lệnh cài đặt webmin.
Cài webmin trên Debian, Ubuntu cũng phải khai báo kho deb…
Bi giờ cài webmin khỏe hơn nhiều nhờ có bash script tự động mọi thứ tên là setup-repos.sh.
setup-repos.sh sẽ tự động nhận biết hệ điều hành Linux để cài webmin là Red Hat hay Debian, Ubuntu nếu không phải sẽ báo lỗi.
# cat /etc/os-release
NAME="Alpine Linux"
ID=alpine
VERSION_ID=3.19.0
PRETTY_NAME="Alpine Linux v3.19"
HOME_URL="https://alpinelinux.org/"
BUG_REPORT_URL="https://gitlab.alpinelinux.org/alpine/aports/-/issues"
# curl -o setup-repos.sh https://raw.githubusercontent.com/webmin/webmin/master/setup-repos.sh
% Total % Received % Xferd Average Speed Time Time Time Current
Dload Upload Total Spent Left Speed
100 5268 100 5268 0 0 44439 0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:-- 44644
# sh setup-repos.sh
tty: ignoring all arguments
/dev/pts/0
Error: Unknown OS : alpine
# curl -o setup-repos.sh https://raw.githubusercontent.com/webmin/webmin/master/setup-repos.sh
% Total % Received % Xferd Average Speed Time Time Time Current
Dload Upload Total Spent Left Speed
100 5268 100 5268 0 0 11256 0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:-- 11256
# sh setup-repos.sh
Setup repository? (y/N) y
Downloading Webmin key ..
.. done
Installing Webmin key ..
.. done
Setting up Webmin repository ..
.. done
Webmin package can now be installed using dnf install webmin command.
# dnf install webmin
Webmin - noarch 565 kB/s | 1.6 MB 00:02
Last metadata expiration check: 0:00:01 ago on Mon Jan 22 16:24:28 2024.
Dependencies resolved.
=======================================================================================================================================
Package Architecture Version Repository Size
=======================================================================================================================================
Installing:
webmin noarch 2.105-1 webmin-noarch 39 M
Installing dependencies:
almalinux-indexhtml noarch 9-2.el9 appstream 7.8 k
perl-Digest-SHA x86_64 1:6.02-461.el9 appstream 61 k
perl-Filter x86_64 2:1.60-4.el9 appstream 81 k
perl-encoding x86_64 4:3.00-462.el9 appstream 62 k
perl-open noarch 1.12-480.el9 appstream 17 k
Installing weak dependencies:
lynx x86_64 2.8.9-19.el9 appstream 1.5 M
perl-Encode-Detect x86_64 1.01-37.el9 appstream 89 k
perl-Time-HiRes x86_64 4:1.9764-462.el9 appstream 57 k
perl-Time-Piece x86_64 1.3401-480.el9 appstream 41 k
shared-mime-info x86_64 2.1-5.el9 baseos 372 k
Transaction Summary
=======================================================================================================================================
Install 11 Packages
Total download size: 41 M
Installed size: 127 M
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Downloading Packages:
(1/11): perl-Digest-SHA-6.02-461.el9.x86_64.rpm 265 kB/s | 61 kB 00:00
(2/11): almalinux-indexhtml-9-2.el9.noarch.rpm 32 kB/s | 7.8 kB 00:00
(3/11): perl-Filter-1.60-4.el9.x86_64.rpm 1.5 MB/s | 81 kB 00:00
(4/11): lynx-2.8.9-19.el9.x86_64.rpm 5.0 MB/s | 1.5 MB 00:00
(5/11): perl-Encode-Detect-1.01-37.el9.x86_64.rpm 1.2 MB/s | 89 kB 00:00
(6/11): perl-Time-HiRes-1.9764-462.el9.x86_64.rpm 3.1 MB/s | 57 kB 00:00
(7/11): perl-Time-Piece-1.3401-480.el9.x86_64.rpm 2.4 MB/s | 41 kB 00:00
(8/11): perl-encoding-3.00-462.el9.x86_64.rpm 3.5 MB/s | 62 kB 00:00
(9/11): perl-open-1.12-480.el9.noarch.rpm 864 kB/s | 17 kB 00:00
(10/11): shared-mime-info-2.1-5.el9.x86_64.rpm 6.3 MB/s | 372 kB 00:00
(11/11): webmin-2.105-1.noarch.rpm 181 kB/s | 39 MB 03:40
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 189 kB/s | 41 MB 03:43
Running transaction check
Transaction check succeeded.
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded.
Running transaction
Preparing : 1/1
Installing : shared-mime-info-2.1-5.el9.x86_64 1/11
Running scriptlet: shared-mime-info-2.1-5.el9.x86_64 1/11
Installing : perl-Time-Piece-1.3401-480.el9.x86_64 2/11
Installing : perl-Time-HiRes-4:1.9764-462.el9.x86_64 3/11
Installing : perl-Filter-2:1.60-4.el9.x86_64 4/11
Installing : perl-encoding-4:3.00-462.el9.x86_64 5/11
Installing : perl-open-1.12-480.el9.noarch 6/11
Installing : perl-Encode-Detect-1.01-37.el9.x86_64 7/11
Installing : perl-Digest-SHA-1:6.02-461.el9.x86_64 8/11
Installing : almalinux-indexhtml-9-2.el9.noarch 9/11
Installing : lynx-2.8.9-19.el9.x86_64 10/11
Running scriptlet: webmin-2.105-1.noarch 11/11
Installing : webmin-2.105-1.noarch 11/11
Running scriptlet: webmin-2.105-1.noarch 11/11
Verifying : almalinux-indexhtml-9-2.el9.noarch 1/11
Verifying : lynx-2.8.9-19.el9.x86_64 2/11
Verifying : perl-Digest-SHA-1:6.02-461.el9.x86_64 3/11
Verifying : perl-Encode-Detect-1.01-37.el9.x86_64 4/11
Verifying : perl-Filter-2:1.60-4.el9.x86_64 5/11
Verifying : perl-Time-HiRes-4:1.9764-462.el9.x86_64 6/11
Verifying : perl-Time-Piece-1.3401-480.el9.x86_64 7/11
Verifying : perl-encoding-4:3.00-462.el9.x86_64 8/11
Verifying : perl-open-1.12-480.el9.noarch 9/11
Verifying : shared-mime-info-2.1-5.el9.x86_64 10/11
Verifying : webmin-2.105-1.noarch 11/11
Installed:
almalinux-indexhtml-9-2.el9.noarch lynx-2.8.9-19.el9.x86_64 perl-Digest-SHA-1:6.02-461.el9.x86_64
perl-Encode-Detect-1.01-37.el9.x86_64 perl-Filter-2:1.60-4.el9.x86_64 perl-Time-HiRes-4:1.9764-462.el9.x86_64
perl-Time-Piece-1.3401-480.el9.x86_64 perl-encoding-4:3.00-462.el9.x86_64 perl-open-1.12-480.el9.noarch
shared-mime-info-2.1-5.el9.x86_64 webmin-2.105-1.noarch
Complete!
# curl -o setup-repos.sh https://raw.githubusercontent.com/webmin/webmin/master/setup-repos.sh
% Total % Received % Xferd Average Speed Time Time Time Current
Dload Upload Total Spent Left Speed
100 5268 100 5268 0 0 29228 0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:-- 29266
# sh setup-repos.sh
Setup repository? (y/N) y
Downloading Webmin key ..
.. done
Installing Webmin key ..
.. done
Setting up Webmin repository ..
.. done
Cleaning repository metadata ..
.. done
Downloading repository metadata ..
.. done
Webmin package can now be installed using apt-get install --install-recommends webmin command.
# apt update ; apt-get install --install-recommends webmin
Hit:1 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-security InRelease
Hit:2 http://vn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy InRelease
Hit:3 http://vn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates InRelease
Hit:4 http://vn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-backports InRelease
Ign:5 https://download.webmin.com/download/newkey/repository stable InRelease
Hit:6 https://download.webmin.com/download/newkey/repository stable Release
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
74 packages can be upgraded. Run 'apt list --upgradable' to see them.
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
The following additional packages will be installed:
libalgorithm-c3-perl libauthen-pam-perl libb-hooks-endofscope-perl libb-hooks-op-check-perl libclass-c3-perl libclass-c3-xs-perl libclass-data-inheritable-perl
libclass-inspector-perl libclass-method-modifiers-perl libclass-singleton-perl libclass-xsaccessor-perl libdata-optlist-perl libdatetime-locale-perl
libdatetime-perl libdatetime-timezone-perl libdevel-callchecker-perl libdevel-caller-perl libdevel-lexalias-perl libdevel-stacktrace-perl
libdynaloader-functions-perl libencode-detect-perl libeval-closure-perl libexception-class-perl libfile-sharedir-perl libio-pty-perl libmodule-implementation-perl
libmodule-runtime-perl libmro-compat-perl libnamespace-autoclean-perl libnamespace-clean-perl libpackage-stash-perl libpackage-stash-xs-perl libpadwalker-perl
libparams-classify-perl libparams-util-perl libparams-validationcompiler-perl libreadonly-perl libref-util-perl libref-util-xs-perl librole-tiny-perl
libspecio-perl libsub-exporter-perl libsub-exporter-progressive-perl libsub-identify-perl libsub-install-perl libsub-name-perl libsub-quote-perl
libvariable-magic-perl libxstring-perl lynx lynx-common
Suggested packages:
libscalar-number-perl libtest-fatal-perl
The following NEW packages will be installed:
libalgorithm-c3-perl libauthen-pam-perl libb-hooks-endofscope-perl libb-hooks-op-check-perl libclass-c3-perl libclass-c3-xs-perl libclass-data-inheritable-perl
libclass-inspector-perl libclass-method-modifiers-perl libclass-singleton-perl libclass-xsaccessor-perl libdata-optlist-perl libdatetime-locale-perl
libdatetime-perl libdatetime-timezone-perl libdevel-callchecker-perl libdevel-caller-perl libdevel-lexalias-perl libdevel-stacktrace-perl
libdynaloader-functions-perl libencode-detect-perl libeval-closure-perl libexception-class-perl libfile-sharedir-perl libio-pty-perl libmodule-implementation-perl
libmodule-runtime-perl libmro-compat-perl libnamespace-autoclean-perl libnamespace-clean-perl libpackage-stash-perl libpackage-stash-xs-perl libpadwalker-perl
libparams-classify-perl libparams-util-perl libparams-validationcompiler-perl libreadonly-perl libref-util-perl libref-util-xs-perl librole-tiny-perl
libspecio-perl libsub-exporter-perl libsub-exporter-progressive-perl libsub-identify-perl libsub-install-perl libsub-name-perl libsub-quote-perl
libvariable-magic-perl libxstring-perl lynx lynx-common webmin
0 upgraded, 52 newly installed, 0 to remove and 74 not upgraded.
Need to get 39,5 MB of archives.
After this operation, 225 MB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n]Cài cắm trên Linux chạy bằng root nên nếu bạn chạy setup-repos.sh không phải root cũng sẽ bị lỗi…
[hieu@DevSecOps-Edu-VN ~]$ curl -o setup-repos.sh https://raw.githubusercontent.com/webmin/webmin/master/setup-repos.sh
% Total % Received % Xferd Average Speed Time Time Time Current
Dload Upload Total Spent Left Speed
100 5268 100 5268 0 0 41480 0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:-- 41480
[hieu@DevSecOps-Edu-VN ~]$
[hieu@DevSecOps-Edu-VN ~]$ sh setup-repos.sh
Error: `setup-repos.sh` script must be run as root!
[hieu@DevSecOps-Edu-VN ~]$
[hieu@DevSecOps-Edu-VN ~]$ echo $USER
hieu
webmin được stop start ở dạng 1 dịch vụ trong systemd.
systemctl status webmin
● webmin.service - Webmin server daemon
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/webmin.service; enabled; preset: disabled)
Active: active (running) since Mon 2024-01-22 16:28:42 UTC; 10min ago
Process: 2349 ExecStart=/usr/libexec/webmin/miniserv.pl /etc/webmin/miniserv.conf (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Main PID: 2350 (miniserv.pl)
Tasks: 1 (limit: 4352)
Memory: 67.6M
CPU: 2.150s
CGroup: /system.slice/webmin.service
└─2350 /usr/bin/perl /usr/libexec/webmin/miniserv.pl /etc/webmin/miniserv.conf
Jan 22 16:28:41 DevSecOps-Edu-VN systemd[1]: Starting Webmin server daemon...
Jan 22 16:28:42 DevSecOps-Edu-VN systemd[1]: Started Webmin server daemon.
systemctl status webmin
● webmin.service - Webmin server daemon
Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/webmin.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
Active: active (running) since Tue 2024-01-23 00:25:21 +07; 24s ago
Process: 4664 ExecStart=/usr/share/webmin/miniserv.pl /etc/webmin/miniserv.conf (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Main PID: 4665 (miniserv.pl)
Tasks: 1 (limit: 4556)
Memory: 189.8M
CPU: 3.482s
CGroup: /system.slice/webmin.service
└─4665 /usr/bin/perl /usr/share/webmin/miniserv.pl /etc/webmin/miniserv.conf
Thg 1 23 00:25:19 DevSecOps.Edu.VN systemd[1]: Starting Webmin server daemon...
Thg 1 23 00:25:20 DevSecOps.Edu.VN perl[4664]: pam_unix(webmin:auth): authentication failure; logname= uid=0 euid=0 tty= ruser= rhost= user=root
Thg 1 23 00:25:21 DevSecOps.Edu.VN webmin[4664]: Webmin starting
Thg 1 23 00:25:21 DevSecOps.Edu.VN systemd[1]: Started Webmin server daemon.Nếu chỉ xài setup-repos.sh thì bạn chỉ là script kiddie hay script dummy và bạn sẽ không có ưu thế gì so với người khác vì họ cũng xài bash script này dễ dàng.
Vậy nên bạn cần phải học lập trình bash shell để tự động mọi thứ theo ý muốn.
Linux automation là xu hướng không thể thay đổi để hạn chế lỗi từ thao tác của người dùng, đảm bảo hệ thống được cài đặt, cấu hình đúng như mong muốn và giảm thời gian thực hiện xuống càng nhanh càng tốt vì thời gian là tiền bạc (time is money).
Bài tập lập trình Bash script dành cho các bạn không mua khóa học Lập trình Bash Shell thực chiến cho Dev – DevOps – DevSecOps…
Chỉnh sửa code của setup-repos.sh để gọn gàng hơn 1 chút.