OpenBSD băm mật khẩu bằng thuật toán bcrypt hay yescrypt hay SHA512?

An toàn thông tin thực chiến, Băm mật khẩu, bcrypt algorithm, bcrypt password hashing, Học an toàn thông tin, Linux security, Thuật toán băm mật khẩu

OpenBSD 7.5 băm mật khẩu bằng thuật toán Bcrypt.

Theo qui định của hàm crypt trong thư viện lập trình C thì 2b là kiểu băm mật khẩu của Bcrypt.

# head /etc/master.passwd
root:$2b$10$WPhUw.F0ft1QkkBNRxj39O9CB1ro8wrU5sDN7Gh2cIzf1ld0LDp1S:0:0:daemon:0:0:Charlie &:/root:/bin/ksh
daemon:*:1:1::0:0:The devil himself:/root:/sbin/nologin
operator:*:2:5::0:0:System &:/operator:/sbin/nologin
bin:*:3:7::0:0:Binaries Commands and Source:/:/sbin/nologin
build:*:21:21::0:0:base and xenocara build:/var/empty:/bin/ksh
sshd:*:27:27::0:0:sshd privsep:/var/empty:/sbin/nologin
_portmap:*:28:28::0:0:portmap:/var/empty:/sbin/nologin
_identd:*:29:29::0:0:identd:/var/empty:/sbin/nologin
_rstatd:*:30:30::0:0:rpc.rstatd:/var/empty:/sbin/nologin
_rusersd:*:32:32::0:0:rpc.rusersd:/var/empty:/sbin/nologin

Tạo user bằng lệnh adduser để coi thuật toán băm mật khẩu là gì trên OpenBSD.

# adduser
Use option ``-silent'' if you don't want to see all warnings and questions.

Reading /etc/shells
Check /etc/master.passwd
Check /etc/group

Ok, let's go.
Don't worry about mistakes. There will be a chance later to correct any input.
Enter username []: hieukhin
Enter full name []: Nguyen Trung Hieu (hoi khin khin)
Enter shell csh ksh nologin sh [ksh]:
Uid [1000]:
Login group hieukhin [hieukhin]:
Login group is ``hieukhin''. Invite hieukhin into other groups: guest no
[no]:
Login class authpf bgpd daemon default pbuild staff unbound vmd xenodm
[default]:
Enter password []:
Enter password again []:

Name:        hieukhin
Password:    ****
Fullname:    Nguyen Trung Hieu (hoi khin khin)
Uid:         1000
Gid:         999 (hieukhin)
Groups:      hieukhin
Login Class: default
HOME:        /home/hieukhin
Shell:       /bin/ksh
OK? (y/n) [y]: y
Added user ``hieukhin''
Copy files from /etc/skel to /home/hieukhin
Add another user? (y/n) [y]: n
Goodbye!

Coi lại trong /etc/master.passwd thì thấy có user hieukhin mật khẩu đã được băm kiểu 2b là thuật toán băm bcrypt. 

# cat /etc/master.passwd
root:$2b$10$WPhUw.F0ft1QkkBNRxj39O9CB1ro8wrU5sDN7Gh2cIzf1ld0LDp1S:0:0:daemon:0:0:Charlie &:/root:/bin/ksh
daemon:*:1:1::0:0:The devil himself:/root:/sbin/nologin
operator:*:2:5::0:0:System &:/operator:/sbin/nologin
bin:*:3:7::0:0:Binaries Commands and Source:/:/sbin/nologin
build:*:21:21::0:0:base and xenocara build:/var/empty:/bin/ksh
sshd:*:27:27::0:0:sshd privsep:/var/empty:/sbin/nologin
_portmap:*:28:28::0:0:portmap:/var/empty:/sbin/nologin
_identd:*:29:29::0:0:identd:/var/empty:/sbin/nologin
_rstatd:*:30:30::0:0:rpc.rstatd:/var/empty:/sbin/nologin
_rusersd:*:32:32::0:0:rpc.rusersd:/var/empty:/sbin/nologin
_fingerd:*:33:33::0:0:fingerd:/var/empty:/sbin/nologin
_x11:*:35:35::0:0:X Server:/var/empty:/sbin/nologin
_unwind:*:48:48::0:0:Unwind Daemon:/var/empty:/sbin/nologin
_traceroute:*:50:50::0:0:traceroute privdrop user:/var/empty:/sbin/nologin
_ping:*:51:51::0:0:ping privdrop user:/var/empty:/sbin/nologin
_unbound:*:53:53:unbound:0:0:Unbound Daemon:/var/unbound:/sbin/nologin
_dpb:*:54:54::0:0:dpb privsep:/var/empty:/sbin/nologin
_pbuild:*:55:55:pbuild:0:0:dpb build user:/nonexistent:/sbin/nologin
_pfetch:*:56:56::0:0:dpb fetch user:/nonexistent:/sbin/nologin
_pkgfetch:*:57:57::0:0:pkg fetch user:/nonexistent:/sbin/nologin
_pkguntar:*:58:58::0:0:pkg untar user:/nonexistent:/sbin/nologin
_spamd:*:62:62::0:0:Spam Daemon:/var/empty:/sbin/nologin
www:*:67:67::0:0:HTTP Server:/var/www:/sbin/nologin
_isakmpd:*:68:68::0:0:isakmpd privsep:/var/empty:/sbin/nologin
_rpki-client:*:70:70::0:0:rpki-client user:/nonexistent:/sbin/nologin
_bgplgd:*:71:71::0:0:bgplgd Daemon:/nonexistent:/sbin/nologin
_syslogd:*:73:73::0:0:Syslog Daemon:/var/empty:/sbin/nologin
_pflogd:*:74:74::0:0:pflogd privsep:/var/empty:/sbin/nologin
_bgpd:*:75:75::0:0:BGP Daemon:/var/empty:/sbin/nologin
_tcpdump:*:76:76::0:0:tcpdump privsep:/var/empty:/sbin/nologin
_dhcp:*:77:77::0:0:DHCP programs:/var/empty:/sbin/nologin
_mopd:*:78:78::0:0:MOP Daemon:/var/empty:/sbin/nologin
_tftpd:*:79:79::0:0:TFTP Daemon:/var/empty:/sbin/nologin
_rbootd:*:80:80::0:0:rbootd Daemon:/var/empty:/sbin/nologin
_ppp:*:82:82::0:0:PPP utilities:/var/empty:/sbin/nologin
_ntp:*:83:83::0:0:NTP Daemon:/var/empty:/sbin/nologin
_ftp:*:84:84::0:0:FTP Daemon:/var/empty:/sbin/nologin
_ospfd:*:85:85::0:0:OSPF Daemon:/var/empty:/sbin/nologin
_hostapd:*:86:86::0:0:HostAP Daemon:/var/empty:/sbin/nologin
_dvmrpd:*:87:87::0:0:DVMRP Daemon:/var/empty:/sbin/nologin
_ripd:*:88:88::0:0:RIP Daemon:/var/empty:/sbin/nologin
_relayd:*:89:89::0:0:Relay Daemon:/var/empty:/sbin/nologin
_ospf6d:*:90:90::0:0:OSPF6 Daemon:/var/empty:/sbin/nologin
_snmpd:*:91:91::0:0:SNMP Daemon:/var/empty:/sbin/nologin
_ypldap:*:93:93::0:0:YP to LDAP Daemon:/var/empty:/sbin/nologin
_rad:*:94:94::0:0:IPv6 Router Advertisement Daemon:/var/empty:/sbin/nologin
_smtpd:*:95:95::0:0:SMTP Daemon:/var/empty:/sbin/nologin
_rwalld:*:96:96::0:0:rpc.rwalld:/var/empty:/sbin/nologin
_nsd:*:97:97::0:0:NSD Daemon:/var/empty:/sbin/nologin
_ldpd:*:98:98::0:0:LDP Daemon:/var/empty:/sbin/nologin
_sndio:*:99:99::0:0:sndio privsep:/var/empty:/sbin/nologin
_ldapd:*:100:100::0:0:LDAP Daemon:/var/empty:/sbin/nologin
_iked:*:101:101::0:0:IKEv2 Daemon:/var/empty:/sbin/nologin
_iscsid:*:102:102::0:0:iSCSI Daemon:/var/empty:/sbin/nologin
_smtpq:*:103:103::0:0:SMTP Daemon:/var/empty:/sbin/nologin
_file:*:104:104::0:0:file privsep:/var/empty:/sbin/nologin
_radiusd:*:105:105::0:0:RADIUS Daemon:/var/empty:/sbin/nologin
_eigrpd:*:106:106::0:0:EIGRP Daemon:/var/empty:/sbin/nologin
_vmd:*:107:107::0:0:VM Daemon:/var/empty:/sbin/nologin
_tftp_proxy:*:108:108::0:0:tftp proxy daemon:/nonexistent:/sbin/nologin
_ftp_proxy:*:109:109::0:0:ftp proxy daemon:/nonexistent:/sbin/nologin
_sndiop:*:110:110::0:0:sndio privileged user:/var/empty:/sbin/nologin
_syspatch:*:112:112::0:0:syspatch unprivileged user:/var/empty:/sbin/nologin
_slaacd:*:115:115::0:0:SLAAC Daemon:/var/empty:/sbin/nologin
nobody:*:32767:32767::0:0:Unprivileged user:/nonexistent:/sbin/nologin
hieukhin:$2b$10$G7UCyP9ejFDIrQ/92yu2qOlkrQXpu.vGEY3YV.VJnAhqX8Jc4Sh8u:1000:999::0:0:Nguyen Trung Hieu (hoi khin khin):/home/hieukhin:/bin/ksh

File /etc/login.conf qui định các thông tin chứng thực như cách băm mật khẩu, cấp phát tài nguyên cho user…

# cat /etc/login.conf
# $OpenBSD: login.conf,v 1.24 2023/11/12 14:41:41 robert Exp $

#
# Sample login.conf file.  See login.conf(5) for details.
#

#
# Standard authentication styles:
#
# passwd        Use only the local password file
# chpass        Do not authenticate, but change user's password (change
#               the YP password if the user has one, else change the
#               local password)
# lchpass       Do not login; change user's local password instead
# ldap          Use LDAP authentication
# radius        Use RADIUS authentication
# reject        Use rejected authentication
# skey          Use S/Key authentication
# activ         ActivCard X9.9 token authentication
# crypto        CRYPTOCard X9.9 token authentication
# snk           Digital Pathways SecureNet Key authentication
# token         Generic X9.9 token authentication
# yubikey       YubiKey authentication
#

# Default allowed authentication styles
auth-defaults:auth=passwd,skey:

# Default allowed authentication styles for authentication type ftp
auth-ftp-defaults:auth-ftp=passwd:

#
# The default values
# To alter the default authentication types change the line:
#       :tc=auth-defaults:\
# to read something like: (enables passwd, "myauth", and activ)
#       :auth=passwd,myauth,activ:\
# Any value changed in the daemon class should be reset in default
# class.
#
default:\
        :path=/usr/bin /bin /usr/sbin /sbin /usr/X11R6/bin /usr/local/bin /usr/local/sbin:\
        :umask=022:\
        :datasize-max=1536M:\
        :datasize-cur=1536M:\
        :maxproc-max=256:\
        :maxproc-cur=128:\
        :openfiles-max=1024:\
        :openfiles-cur=512:\
        :stacksize-cur=4M:\
        :localcipher=blowfish,a:\
        :tc=auth-defaults:\
        :tc=auth-ftp-defaults:

#
# Settings used by /etc/rc and root
# This must be set properly for daemons started as root by inetd as well.
# Be sure to reset these values to system defaults in the default class!
#
daemon:\
        :ignorenologin:\
        :datasize=4096M:\
        :maxproc=infinity:\
        :openfiles-max=1024:\
        :openfiles-cur=128:\
        :stacksize-cur=8M:\
        :tc=default:

#
# Staff have fewer restrictions and can login even when nologins are set.
#
staff:\
        :datasize-cur=1536M:\
        :datasize-max=infinity:\
        :maxproc-max=512:\
        :maxproc-cur=256:\
        :ignorenologin:\
        :requirehome@:\
        :tc=default:

#
# Authpf accounts get a special motd and shell
#
authpf:\
        :welcome=/etc/motd.authpf:\
        :shell=/usr/sbin/authpf:\
        :tc=default:

#
# Building ports with DPB uses raised limits
#
pbuild:\
        :datasize-max=infinity:\
        :datasize-cur=8192M:\
        :maxproc-max=1024:\
        :maxproc-cur=512:\
        :stacksize-cur=8M:\
        :priority=5:\
        :tc=default:

#
# Override resource limits for certain daemons started by rc.d(8)
#
bgpd:\
        :datasize=16384M:\
        :openfiles=512:\
        :tc=daemon:

unbound:\
        :openfiles=512:\
        :tc=daemon:

vmd:\
        :datasize=16384M:\
        :tc=daemon:

xenodm:\
        :openfiles=512:\
        :tc=daemon:

Cơm thêm về xài OpenBSD.

Xem kernel của OpenBSD bằng lệnh uname.

Coi tên máy tính là lệnh hostname trên OpenBSD được đọc từ file /etc/myname.

OpenBSD coi địa chỉ IP bằng lệnh ifconfig chứ hổng phải lệnh ip a của gói iproute2 như trên Linux

# uname -a
OpenBSD obsd 7.5 GENERIC.MP#82 amd64

# hostname
obsd

# cat /etc/myname
obsd

# ifconfig
lo0: flags=2008049<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING,MULTICAST,LRO> mtu 32768
        index 3 priority 0 llprio 3
        groups: lo
        inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128
        inet6 fe80::1%lo0 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x3
        inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 0xff000000
em0: flags=808843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST,AUTOCONF4> mtu 1500
        lladdr 00:0c:29:bf:4d:a2
        index 1 priority 0 llprio 3
        groups: egress
        media: Ethernet autoselect (1000baseT full-duplex,master)
        status: active
        inet 192.168.71.136 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 192.168.71.255
enc0: flags=0<>
        index 2 priority 0 llprio 3
        groups: enc
        status: active
pflog0: flags=141<UP,RUNNING,PROMISC> mtu 33136
        index 4 priority 0 llprio 3
        groups: pflog

Kiểm tra phiên bản của OpenBSD bằng lệnh uname và dmesg.

Coi quá trình khởi động của OpenBSD thì dmesg là cách hay nhất, chi tiết nhất có thể

# dmesg
OpenBSD 7.5 (GENERIC.MP) #82: Wed Mar 20 15:48:40 MDT 2024
    deraadt@amd64.openbsd.org:/usr/src/sys/arch/amd64/compile/GENERIC.MP
real mem = 1055784960 (1006MB)
avail mem = 1002901504 (956MB)
random: good seed from bootblocks
mpath0 at root
scsibus0 at mpath0: 256 targets
mainbus0 at root
bios0 at mainbus0: SMBIOS rev. 2.7 @ 0xe0010 (248 entries)
bios0: vendor Phoenix Technologies LTD version "6.00" date 11/12/2020
bios0: VMware, Inc. VMware Virtual Platform
acpi0 at bios0: ACPI 4.0
acpi0: sleep states S0 S1 S4 S5
acpi0: tables DSDT FACP BOOT APIC MCFG SRAT HPET WAET
acpi0: wakeup devices PCI0(S3) USB_(S1) P2P0(S3) S1F0(S3) S2F0(S3) S8F0(S3) S16F(S3) S17F(S3) S18F(S3) S22F(S3) S23F(S3) S24F(S3) S25F(S3) PE40(S3) S1F0(S3) PE50(S3) [...]
acpitimer0 at acpi0: 3579545 Hz, 24 bits
acpimadt0 at acpi0 addr 0xfee00000: PC-AT compat
cpu0 at mainbus0: apid 0 (boot processor)
cpu0: 11th Gen Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-11800H @ 2.30GHz, 2304.09 MHz, 06-8d-01
cpu0: FPU,VME,DE,PSE,TSC,MSR,PAE,MCE,CX8,APIC,SEP,MTRR,PGE,MCA,CMOV,PAT,PSE36,CFLUSH,MMX,FXSR,SSE,SSE2,SS,HTT,SSE3,PCLMUL,SSSE3,FMA3,CX16,PCID,SSE4.1,SSE4.2,x2APIC,MOVBE,POPCNT,DEADLINE,AES,XSAVE,AVX,F16C,RDRAND,HV,NXE,PAGE1GB,RDTSCP,LONG,LAHF,ABM,3DNOWP,PERF,ITSC,FSGSBASE,TSC_ADJUST,BMI1,AVX2,SMEP,BMI2,ERMS,INVPCID,AVX512F,AVX512DQ,RDSEED,ADX,SMAP,AVX512IFMA,CLFLUSHOPT,CLWB,AVX512CD,SHA,AVX512BW,AVX512VL,AVX512VBMI,UMIP,PKU,MD_CLEAR,IBRS,IBPB,STIBP,L1DF,SSBD,ARAT,IBRS_ALL,SKIP_L1DFL,MDS_NO,XSAVEOPT,XSAVEC,XGETBV1,XSAVES
cpu0: 48KB 64b/line 12-way D-cache, 32KB 64b/line 8-way I-cache, 1MB 64b/line 20-way L2 cache, 24MB 64b/line 12-way L3 cache
cpu0: smt 0, core 0, package 0
mtrr: Pentium Pro MTRR support, 8 var ranges, 88 fixed ranges
cpu0: apic clock running at 66MHz
cpu1 at mainbus0: apid 1 (application processor)
cpu1: 11th Gen Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-11800H @ 2.30GHz, 2304.06 MHz, 06-8d-01
cpu1: FPU,VME,DE,PSE,TSC,MSR,PAE,MCE,CX8,APIC,SEP,MTRR,PGE,MCA,CMOV,PAT,PSE36,CFLUSH,MMX,FXSR,SSE,SSE2,SS,HTT,SSE3,PCLMUL,SSSE3,FMA3,CX16,PCID,SSE4.1,SSE4.2,x2APIC,MOVBE,POPCNT,DEADLINE,AES,XSAVE,AVX,F16C,RDRAND,HV,NXE,PAGE1GB,RDTSCP,LONG,LAHF,ABM,3DNOWP,PERF,ITSC,FSGSBASE,TSC_ADJUST,BMI1,AVX2,SMEP,BMI2,ERMS,INVPCID,AVX512F,AVX512DQ,RDSEED,ADX,SMAP,AVX512IFMA,CLFLUSHOPT,CLWB,AVX512CD,SHA,AVX512BW,AVX512VL,AVX512VBMI,UMIP,PKU,MD_CLEAR,IBRS,IBPB,STIBP,L1DF,SSBD,ARAT,IBRS_ALL,SKIP_L1DFL,MDS_NO,XSAVEOPT,XSAVEC,XGETBV1,XSAVES
cpu1: 48KB 64b/line 12-way D-cache, 32KB 64b/line 8-way I-cache, 1MB 64b/line 20-way L2 cache, 24MB 64b/line 12-way L3 cache
cpu1: smt 0, core 1, package 0
cpu2 at mainbus0: apid 2 (application processor)
cpu2: 11th Gen Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-11800H @ 2.30GHz, 2304.24 MHz, 06-8d-01
cpu2: FPU,VME,DE,PSE,TSC,MSR,PAE,MCE,CX8,APIC,SEP,MTRR,PGE,MCA,CMOV,PAT,PSE36,CFLUSH,MMX,FXSR,SSE,SSE2,SS,HTT,SSE3,PCLMUL,SSSE3,FMA3,CX16,PCID,SSE4.1,SSE4.2,x2APIC,MOVBE,POPCNT,DEADLINE,AES,XSAVE,AVX,F16C,RDRAND,HV,NXE,PAGE1GB,RDTSCP,LONG,LAHF,ABM,3DNOWP,PERF,ITSC,FSGSBASE,TSC_ADJUST,BMI1,AVX2,SMEP,BMI2,ERMS,INVPCID,AVX512F,AVX512DQ,RDSEED,ADX,SMAP,AVX512IFMA,CLFLUSHOPT,CLWB,AVX512CD,SHA,AVX512BW,AVX512VL,AVX512VBMI,UMIP,PKU,MD_CLEAR,IBRS,IBPB,STIBP,L1DF,SSBD,ARAT,IBRS_ALL,SKIP_L1DFL,MDS_NO,XSAVEOPT,XSAVEC,XGETBV1,XSAVES
cpu2: 48KB 64b/line 12-way D-cache, 32KB 64b/line 8-way I-cache, 1MB 64b/line 20-way L2 cache, 24MB 64b/line 12-way L3 cache
cpu2: smt 0, core 2, package 0
cpu3 at mainbus0: apid 3 (application processor)
cpu3: 11th Gen Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-11800H @ 2.30GHz, 2304.07 MHz, 06-8d-01
cpu3: FPU,VME,DE,PSE,TSC,MSR,PAE,MCE,CX8,APIC,SEP,MTRR,PGE,MCA,CMOV,PAT,PSE36,CFLUSH,MMX,FXSR,SSE,SSE2,SS,HTT,SSE3,PCLMUL,SSSE3,FMA3,CX16,PCID,SSE4.1,SSE4.2,x2APIC,MOVBE,POPCNT,DEADLINE,AES,XSAVE,AVX,F16C,RDRAND,HV,NXE,PAGE1GB,RDTSCP,LONG,LAHF,ABM,3DNOWP,PERF,ITSC,FSGSBASE,TSC_ADJUST,BMI1,AVX2,SMEP,BMI2,ERMS,INVPCID,AVX512F,AVX512DQ,RDSEED,ADX,SMAP,AVX512IFMA,CLFLUSHOPT,CLWB,AVX512CD,SHA,AVX512BW,AVX512VL,AVX512VBMI,UMIP,PKU,MD_CLEAR,IBRS,IBPB,STIBP,L1DF,SSBD,ARAT,IBRS_ALL,SKIP_L1DFL,MDS_NO,XSAVEOPT,XSAVEC,XGETBV1,XSAVES
cpu3: 48KB 64b/line 12-way D-cache, 32KB 64b/line 8-way I-cache, 1MB 64b/line 20-way L2 cache, 24MB 64b/line 12-way L3 cache
cpu3: smt 0, core 3, package 0
ioapic0 at mainbus0: apid 4 pa 0xfec00000, version 20, 24 pins
acpimcfg0 at acpi0
acpimcfg0: addr 0xf0000000, bus 0-127
acpihpet0 at acpi0: 14318179 Hz
acpiprt0 at acpi0: bus 0 (PCI0)
acpipci0 at acpi0 PCI0: 0x00000000 0x00000011 0x00000001
acpicmos0 at acpi0
"PNP0A05" at acpi0 not configured
acpiac0 at acpi0: AC unit online
acpicpu0 at acpi0: C1(@1 halt!)
acpicpu1 at acpi0: C1(@1 halt!)
acpicpu2 at acpi0: C1(@1 halt!)
acpicpu3 at acpi0: C1(@1 halt!)
pvbus0 at mainbus0: VMware
vmt0 at pvbus0
pci0 at mainbus0 bus 0
pchb0 at pci0 dev 0 function 0 "Intel 82443BX AGP" rev 0x01
ppb0 at pci0 dev 1 function 0 "Intel 82443BX AGP" rev 0x01
pci1 at ppb0 bus 1
pcib0 at pci0 dev 7 function 0 "Intel 82371AB PIIX4 ISA" rev 0x08
pciide0 at pci0 dev 7 function 1 "Intel 82371AB IDE" rev 0x01: DMA, channel 0 configured to compatibility, channel 1 configured to compatibility
pciide0: channel 0 disabled (no drives)
atapiscsi0 at pciide0 channel 1 drive 0
scsibus1 at atapiscsi0: 2 targets
cd0 at scsibus1 targ 0 lun 0: <NECVMWar, VMware IDE CDR10, 1.00> removable
cd0(pciide0:1:0): using PIO mode 4, Ultra-DMA mode 2
piixpm0 at pci0 dev 7 function 3 "Intel 82371AB Power" rev 0x08: SMBus disabled
"VMware VMCI" rev 0x10 at pci0 dev 7 function 7 not configured
vga1 at pci0 dev 15 function 0 "VMware SVGA II" rev 0x00
wsdisplay0 at vga1 mux 1: console (80x25, vt100 emulation)
wsdisplay0: screen 1-5 added (80x25, vt100 emulation)
mpi0 at pci0 dev 16 function 0 "Symbios Logic 53c1030" rev 0x01: apic 4 int 17
mpi0: 0, firmware 1.3.41.32
scsibus2 at mpi0: 16 targets, initiator 7
sd0 at scsibus2 targ 0 lun 0: <VMware,, VMware Virtual S, 1.0>
sd0: 10240MB, 512 bytes/sector, 20971520 sectors
mpi0: target 0 Sync at 160MHz width 16bit offset 127 QAS 1 DT 1 IU 1
ppb1 at pci0 dev 17 function 0 "VMware PCI" rev 0x02
pci2 at ppb1 bus 2
em0 at pci2 dev 0 function 0 "Intel 82545EM" rev 0x01: apic 4 int 18, address 00:0c:29:bf:4d:a2
ppb2 at pci0 dev 21 function 0 "VMware PCIE" rev 0x01: msi
pci3 at ppb2 bus 3
ppb3 at pci0 dev 21 function 1 "VMware PCIE" rev 0x01: msi
pci4 at ppb3 bus 4
ppb4 at pci0 dev 21 function 2 "VMware PCIE" rev 0x01: msi
pci5 at ppb4 bus 5
ppb5 at pci0 dev 21 function 3 "VMware PCIE" rev 0x01: msi
pci6 at ppb5 bus 6
ppb6 at pci0 dev 21 function 4 "VMware PCIE" rev 0x01: msi
pci7 at ppb6 bus 7
ppb7 at pci0 dev 21 function 5 "VMware PCIE" rev 0x01: msi
pci8 at ppb7 bus 8
ppb8 at pci0 dev 21 function 6 "VMware PCIE" rev 0x01: msi
pci9 at ppb8 bus 9
ppb9 at pci0 dev 21 function 7 "VMware PCIE" rev 0x01: msi
pci10 at ppb9 bus 10
ppb10 at pci0 dev 22 function 0 "VMware PCIE" rev 0x01: msi
pci11 at ppb10 bus 11
ppb11 at pci0 dev 22 function 1 "VMware PCIE" rev 0x01: msi
pci12 at ppb11 bus 12
ppb12 at pci0 dev 22 function 2 "VMware PCIE" rev 0x01: msi
pci13 at ppb12 bus 13
ppb13 at pci0 dev 22 function 3 "VMware PCIE" rev 0x01: msi
pci14 at ppb13 bus 14
ppb14 at pci0 dev 22 function 4 "VMware PCIE" rev 0x01: msi
pci15 at ppb14 bus 15
ppb15 at pci0 dev 22 function 5 "VMware PCIE" rev 0x01: msi
pci16 at ppb15 bus 16
ppb16 at pci0 dev 22 function 6 "VMware PCIE" rev 0x01: msi
pci17 at ppb16 bus 17
ppb17 at pci0 dev 22 function 7 "VMware PCIE" rev 0x01: msi
pci18 at ppb17 bus 18
ppb18 at pci0 dev 23 function 0 "VMware PCIE" rev 0x01: msi
pci19 at ppb18 bus 19
ppb19 at pci0 dev 23 function 1 "VMware PCIE" rev 0x01: msi
pci20 at ppb19 bus 20
ppb20 at pci0 dev 23 function 2 "VMware PCIE" rev 0x01: msi
pci21 at ppb20 bus 21
ppb21 at pci0 dev 23 function 3 "VMware PCIE" rev 0x01: msi
pci22 at ppb21 bus 22
ppb22 at pci0 dev 23 function 4 "VMware PCIE" rev 0x01: msi
pci23 at ppb22 bus 23
ppb23 at pci0 dev 23 function 5 "VMware PCIE" rev 0x01: msi
pci24 at ppb23 bus 24
ppb24 at pci0 dev 23 function 6 "VMware PCIE" rev 0x01: msi
pci25 at ppb24 bus 25
ppb25 at pci0 dev 23 function 7 "VMware PCIE" rev 0x01: msi
pci26 at ppb25 bus 26
ppb26 at pci0 dev 24 function 0 "VMware PCIE" rev 0x01: msi
pci27 at ppb26 bus 27
ppb27 at pci0 dev 24 function 1 "VMware PCIE" rev 0x01: msi
pci28 at ppb27 bus 28
ppb28 at pci0 dev 24 function 2 "VMware PCIE" rev 0x01: msi
pci29 at ppb28 bus 29
ppb29 at pci0 dev 24 function 3 "VMware PCIE" rev 0x01: msi
pci30 at ppb29 bus 30
ppb30 at pci0 dev 24 function 4 "VMware PCIE" rev 0x01: msi
pci31 at ppb30 bus 31
ppb31 at pci0 dev 24 function 5 "VMware PCIE" rev 0x01: msi
pci32 at ppb31 bus 32
ppb32 at pci0 dev 24 function 6 "VMware PCIE" rev 0x01: msi
pci33 at ppb32 bus 33
ppb33 at pci0 dev 24 function 7 "VMware PCIE" rev 0x01: msi
pci34 at ppb33 bus 34
isa0 at pcib0
isadma0 at isa0
pckbc0 at isa0 port 0x60/5 irq 1 irq 12
pckbd0 at pckbc0 (kbd slot)
wskbd0 at pckbd0: console keyboard, using wsdisplay0
pms0 at pckbc0 (aux slot)
wsmouse0 at pms0 mux 0
pcppi0 at isa0 port 0x61
spkr0 at pcppi0
vscsi0 at root
scsibus3 at vscsi0: 256 targets
softraid0 at root
scsibus4 at softraid0: 256 targets
root on sd0a (5f21232b714284ca.a) swap on sd0b dump on sd0b