Dẫn xuất của Hidrocacbon – Hydrocarbon derivatives – Hình minh họa
Amazon Linux là hệ điều hành Linux được AWS phát triển để cung cấp cho người dùng chạy miễn phí trên dịch vụ máy ảo EC2 của họ.
Amazon Linux có 2 phiên bản là Amazon Linux 2023 và Amazon Linux 2 AMI (HVM).
Amazon Linux 2023 AMI
Amazon Linux 2023 is a modern, general purpose Linux-based OS that comes with 5 years of long term support. It is optimized for AWS and designed to provide a secure, stable and high-performance execution environment to develop and run your cloud applications.
Amazon Linux 2 AMI (HVM) - Kernel 5.10, SSD Volume Type
Amazon Linux 2 comes with five years support. It provides Linux kernel 5.10 tuned for optimal performance on Amazon EC2, systemd 219, GCC 7.3, Glibc 2.26, Binutils 2.29.1, and the latest software packages through extras. This AMI is the successor of the Amazon Linux AMI that is now under maintenance only mode and has been removed from this wizard.Amazon Linux là biến thể của Fedora theo thông tin từ /etc/os-release.
Nói cách khác Amazon dựa vào các phần mềm được đóng gói sẵn trong Fedora và đóng gói lại có thêm bớt, chỉnh sửa nào đó để ra mắt người đời với tên gọi mới là Amazon Linux.
cat /etc/os-release
NAME="Amazon Linux"
VERSION="2023"
ID="amzn"
ID_LIKE="fedora"
VERSION_ID="2023"
PLATFORM_ID="platform:al2023"
PRETTY_NAME="Amazon Linux 2023"
ANSI_COLOR="0;33"
CPE_NAME="cpe:2.3:o:amazon:amazon_linux:2023"
HOME_URL="https://aws.amazon.com/linux/"
BUG_REPORT_URL="https://github.com/amazonlinux/amazon-linux-2023"
SUPPORT_END="2028-03-15"Linux kernel 6.1.66 được đóng gói và cài trong Amazon Linux 2023.
Bash shell version 5.2.15 được Amazon Linux đóng gói xài.
bash --version
GNU bash, version 5.2.15(1)-release (x86_64-amazon-linux-gnu)
Copyright (C) 2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later <http://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>
This is free software; you are free to change and redistribute it.
There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.Amazon Linux xài công cụ đóng gói phần mềm RPM 4.16.1.3
rpm -qi rpm
Name : rpm
Version : 4.16.1.3
Release : 12.amzn2023.0.6
Architecture: x86_64
Install Date: Wed Jan 17 21:22:20 2024
Group : Unspecified
Size : 2752678
License : GPLv2+
Signature : RSA/SHA512, Mon Apr 17 17:03:50 2023, Key ID e951904ad832c631
Source RPM : rpm-4.16.1.3-12.amzn2023.0.6.src.rpm
Build Date : Mon Apr 17 16:53:56 2023
Build Host : ip-10-0-47-216.us-west-2.compute.internal
Packager : Amazon Linux
Vendor : Amazon Linux
URL : http://www.rpm.org/
Summary : The RPM package management system
Description :
The RPM Package Manager (RPM) is a powerful command line driven
package management system capable of installing, uninstalling,
verifying, querying, and updating software packages. Each software
package consists of an archive of files along with information about
the package like its version, a description, etc.dnf là công cụ frontend của rpm phiên bản 4.12.0 trong Amazon Linux 2023.
Để các sysadmin đã quen với việc gõ lệnh yum hoặc các bash script cũ viết bằng lệnh yum vẫn chạy được thì người ta cho yum là symbolic link tới dnf.
ll `which yum dnf`
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 5 Jan 31 2023 /usr/bin/dnf -> dnf-3
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 5 Jan 31 2023 /usr/bin/yum -> dnf-3
dnf --version
4.12.0
Installed: dnf-0:4.12.0-2.amzn2023.0.4.noarch at Wed Jan 17 21:23:03 2024
Built : Amazon Linux at Tue Jan 31 01:01:11 2023
Installed: rpm-0:4.16.1.3-12.amzn2023.0.6.x86_64 at Wed Jan 17 21:22:20 2024
Built : Amazon Linux at Mon Apr 17 16:53:56 2023
dnf -q info dnf
Installed Packages
History database cannot be created, using in-memory database instead: SQLite error on "/var/lib/dnf/history.sqlite": Open failed: unable to open database file
Name : dnf
Version : 4.12.0
Release : 2.amzn2023.0.4
Architecture : noarch
Size : 2.2 M
Source : dnf-4.12.0-2.amzn2023.0.4.src.rpm
Repository : @System
Summary : Package manager
URL : https://github.com/rpm-software-management/dnf
License : GPLv2+
Description : Utility that allows users to manage packages on their systems.
: It supports RPMs, modules and comps groups & environments.Kho rpm được bật mặc định trong Amazon Linux là Amazon Linux 2023 repository và Amazon Linux 2023 Kernel Livepatch repository.
dnf repolist
repo id repo name
amazonlinux Amazon Linux 2023 repository
kernel-livepatch Amazon Linux 2023 Kernel Livepatch repository
dnf repolist all
repo id repo name status
amazonlinux Amazon Linux 2023 repository enabled
amazonlinux-debuginfo Amazon Linux 2023 repository - Debug disabled
amazonlinux-source Amazon Linux 2023 repository - Source packages disabled
kernel-livepatch Amazon Linux 2023 Kernel Livepatch repository enabled
kernel-livepatch-source Amazon Linux 2023 Kernel Livepatch repository - Source packages disabledCài Apache HTTP Web server trên Amazon Linux 2023 coi sao.
dnf install httpd
Last metadata expiration check: 0:00:02 ago on Mon Jan 22 00:20:54 2024.
Dependencies resolved.
======================================================================================================================================================================
Package Architecture Version Repository Size
======================================================================================================================================================================
Installing:
httpd x86_64 2.4.58-1.amzn2023 amazonlinux 47 k
Installing dependencies:
apr x86_64 1.7.2-2.amzn2023.0.2 amazonlinux 129 k
apr-util x86_64 1.6.3-1.amzn2023.0.1 amazonlinux 98 k
generic-logos-httpd noarch 18.0.0-12.amzn2023.0.3 amazonlinux 19 k
httpd-core x86_64 2.4.58-1.amzn2023 amazonlinux 1.4 M
httpd-filesystem noarch 2.4.58-1.amzn2023 amazonlinux 14 k
httpd-tools x86_64 2.4.58-1.amzn2023 amazonlinux 81 k
libbrotli x86_64 1.0.9-4.amzn2023.0.2 amazonlinux 315 k
mailcap noarch 2.1.49-3.amzn2023.0.3 amazonlinux 33 k
Installing weak dependencies:
apr-util-openssl x86_64 1.6.3-1.amzn2023.0.1 amazonlinux 17 k
mod_http2 x86_64 2.0.11-2.amzn2023 amazonlinux 150 k
mod_lua x86_64 2.4.58-1.amzn2023 amazonlinux 61 k
Transaction Summary
======================================================================================================================================================================
Install 12 Packages
Total download size: 2.3 M
Installed size: 6.9 M
Is this ok [y/N]: