1. Giải mã 100% code Bash shell của cục Docker container image – httpd – Coi trước

FROM debian:bookworm-slim

# add our user and group first to make sure their IDs get assigned consistently, regardless of whatever dependencies get added
#RUN groupadd -r www-data && useradd -r --create-home -g www-data www-data

ENV HTTPD_PREFIX /usr/local/apache2
ENV PATH $HTTPD_PREFIX/bin:$PATH
RUN mkdir -p "$HTTPD_PREFIX" \
	&& chown www-data:www-data "$HTTPD_PREFIX"
WORKDIR $HTTPD_PREFIX

# install httpd runtime dependencies
# https://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/install.html#requirements
RUN set -eux; \
	apt-get update; \
	apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \
# https://github.com/docker-library/httpd/issues/214
		ca-certificates \
		libaprutil1-ldap \
# https://github.com/docker-library/httpd/issues/209
		libldap-common \
	; \
	rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*

ENV HTTPD_VERSION 2.4.58
ENV HTTPD_SHA256 fa16d72a078210a54c47dd5bef2f8b9b8a01d94909a51453956b3ec6442ea4c5

# https://httpd.apache.org/security/vulnerabilities_24.html
ENV HTTPD_PATCHES=""

# see https://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/install.html#requirements
RUN set -eux; \
	\
	# mod_http2 mod_lua mod_proxy_html mod_xml2enc
	# https://anonscm.debian.org/cgit/pkg-apache/apache2.git/tree/debian/control?id=adb6f181257af28ee67af15fc49d2699a0080d4c
	savedAptMark="$(apt-mark showmanual)"; \
	apt-get update; \
	apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \
		bzip2 \
		dpkg-dev \
		gcc \
		gnupg \
		libapr1-dev \
		libaprutil1-dev \
		libbrotli-dev \
		libcurl4-openssl-dev \
		libjansson-dev \
		liblua5.2-dev \
		libnghttp2-dev \
		libpcre3-dev \
		libssl-dev \
		libxml2-dev \
		make \
		patch \
		wget \
		zlib1g-dev \
	; \
	rm -r /var/lib/apt/lists/*; \
	\
	ddist() { \
		local f="$1"; shift; \
		local distFile="$1"; shift; \
		local success=; \
		local distUrl=; \
		for distUrl in \
# https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/INFRA-8753?focusedCommentId=14735394#comment-14735394
			'https://www.apache.org/dyn/closer.cgi?action=download&filename=' \
# if the version is outdated (or we're grabbing the .asc file), we might have to pull from the dist/archive :/
			https://downloads.apache.org/ \
			https://www-us.apache.org/dist/ \
			https://www.apache.org/dist/ \
			https://archive.apache.org/dist/ \
		; do \
			if wget -O "$f" "$distUrl$distFile" && [ -s "$f" ]; then \
				success=1; \
				break; \
			fi; \
		done; \
		[ -n "$success" ]; \
	}; \
	\
	ddist 'httpd.tar.bz2' "httpd/httpd-$HTTPD_VERSION.tar.bz2"; \
	echo "$HTTPD_SHA256 *httpd.tar.bz2" | sha256sum -c -; \
	\
# see https://httpd.apache.org/download.cgi#verify
	ddist 'httpd.tar.bz2.asc' "httpd/httpd-$HTTPD_VERSION.tar.bz2.asc"; \
	export GNUPGHOME="$(mktemp -d)"; \
# $ docker run --rm buildpack-deps:bookworm-curl bash -c 'wget -qO- https://downloads.apache.org/httpd/KEYS | gpg --batch --import &> /dev/null && gpg --batch --list-keys --with-fingerprint --with-colons' | awk -F: '$1 == "pub" && $2 == "-" { pub = 1 } pub && $1 == "fpr" { fpr = $10 } $1 == "sub" { pub = 0 } pub && fpr && $1 == "uid" && $2 == "-" { print "#", $10; print "\t\t" fpr " \\"; pub = 0 }'
	for key in \
# Rodent of Unusual Size (DSA) <coar@ACM.Org>
		DE29FB3971E71543FD2DC049508EAEC5302DA568 \
# Rodent of Unusual Size <coar@ACM.Org>
		13155B0E9E634F42BF6C163FDDBA64BA2C312D2F \
# Jim Jagielski <jim@apache.org>
		8B39757B1D8A994DF2433ED58B3A601F08C975E5 \
# Dean Gaudet <dgaudet@apache.org>
		31EE1A81B8D066548156D37B7D6DBFD1F08E012A \
# Cliff Woolley <jwoolley@apache.org>
		A10208FEC3152DD7C0C9B59B361522D782AB7BD1 \
# Cliff Woolley <jwoolley@virginia.edu>
		3DE024AFDA7A4B15CB6C14410F81AA8AB0D5F771 \
# Graham Leggett <minfrin@apache.org>
		EB138C6AF0FC691001B16D93344A844D751D7F27 \
# Roy T. Fielding <fielding@gbiv.com>
		CBA5A7C21EC143314C41393E5B968010E04F9A89 \
# Justin R. Erenkrantz <jerenkrantz@apache.org>
		3C016F2B764621BB549C66B516A96495E2226795 \
# Aaron Bannert <abannert@kuci.org>
		937FB3994A242BA9BF49E93021454AF0CC8B0F7E \
# Brad Nicholes <bnicholes@novell.com>
		EAD1359A4C0F2D37472AAF28F55DF0293A4E7AC9 \
# Sander Striker <striker@apache.org>
		4C1EADADB4EF5007579C919C6635B6C0DE885DD3 \
# Greg Stein <gstein@lyra.org>
		01E475360FCCF1D0F24B9D145D414AE1E005C9CB \
# Andre Malo <nd@apache.org>
		92CCEF0AA7DD46AC3A0F498BCA6939748103A37E \
# Erik Abele <erik@codefaktor.de>
		D395C7573A68B9796D38C258153FA0CD75A67692 \
# Astrid Kessler (Kess) <kess@kess-net.de>
		FA39B617B61493FD283503E7EED1EA392261D073 \
# Joe Schaefer <joe@sunstarsys.com>
		984FB3350C1D5C7A3282255BB31B213D208F5064 \
# Stas Bekman <stas@stason.org>
		FE7A49DAA875E890B4167F76CCB2EB46E76CF6D0 \
# Paul Querna <chip@force-elite.com>
		39F6691A0ECF0C50E8BB849CF78875F642721F00 \
# Colm MacCarthaigh <colm.maccarthaigh@heanet.ie>
		29A2BA848177B73878277FA475CAA2A3F39B3750 \
# Ruediger Pluem <rpluem@apache.org>
		120A8667241AEDD4A78B46104C042818311A3DE5 \
# Nick Kew <nick@webthing.com>
		453510BDA6C5855624E009236D0BC73A40581837 \
# Philip M. Gollucci <pgollucci@p6m7g8.com>
		0DE5C55C6BF3B2352DABB89E13249B4FEC88A0BF \
# Bojan Smojver <bojan@rexursive.com>
		7CDBED100806552182F98844E8E7E00B4DAA1988 \
# Issac Goldstand <margol@beamartyr.net>
		A8BA9617EF3BCCAC3B29B869EDB105896F9522D8 \
# "Guenter Knauf" ("CODE SIGNING KEY") <fuankg@apache.org>
		3E6AC004854F3A7F03566B592FF06894E55B0D0E \
# Jeff Trawick (CODE SIGNING KEY) <trawick@apache.org>
		5B5181C2C0AB13E59DA3F7A3EC582EB639FF092C \
# Jim Jagielski (Release Signing Key) <jim@apache.org>
		A93D62ECC3C8EA12DB220EC934EA76E6791485A8 \
# Eric Covener <covener@apache.org>
		65B2D44FE74BD5E3DE3AC3F082781DE46D5954FA \
# Yann Ylavic <ylavic@apache.org>
		8935926745E1CE7E3ED748F6EC99EE267EB5F61A \
# Daniel Ruggeri (http\x3a//home.apache.org/~druggeri/) <druggeri@apache.org>
		E3480043595621FE56105F112AB12A7ADC55C003 \
# Joe Orton (Release Signing Key) <jorton@apache.org>
		93525CFCF6FDFFB3FD9700DD5A4B10AE43B56A27 \
# Christophe JAILLET <christophe.jaillet@wanadoo.fr>
		C55AB7B9139EB2263CD1AABC19B033D1760C227B \
# Stefan Eissing (icing) <stefan@eissing.org>
		26F51EF9A82F4ACB43F1903ED377C9E7D1944C66 \
	; do \
		gpg --batch --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv-keys "$key"; \
	done; \
	gpg --batch --verify httpd.tar.bz2.asc httpd.tar.bz2; \
	gpgconf --kill all; \
	rm -rf "$GNUPGHOME" httpd.tar.bz2.asc; \
	\
	mkdir -p src; \
	tar -xf httpd.tar.bz2 -C src --strip-components=1; \
	rm httpd.tar.bz2; \
	cd src; \
	\
	patches() { \
		while [ "$#" -gt 0 ]; do \
			local patchFile="$1"; shift; \
			local patchSha256="$1"; shift; \
			ddist "$patchFile" "httpd/patches/apply_to_$HTTPD_VERSION/$patchFile"; \
			echo "$patchSha256 *$patchFile" | sha256sum -c -; \
			patch -p0 < "$patchFile"; \
			rm -f "$patchFile"; \
		done; \
	}; \
	patches $HTTPD_PATCHES; \
	\
	gnuArch="$(dpkg-architecture --query DEB_BUILD_GNU_TYPE)"; \
	CFLAGS="$(dpkg-buildflags --get CFLAGS)"; \
	CPPFLAGS="$(dpkg-buildflags --get CPPFLAGS)"; \
	LDFLAGS="$(dpkg-buildflags --get LDFLAGS)"; \
	./configure \
		--build="$gnuArch" \
		--prefix="$HTTPD_PREFIX" \
		--enable-mods-shared=reallyall \
		--enable-mpms-shared=all \
# enable the same hardening flags as Debian
# - https://salsa.debian.org/apache-team/apache2/blob/87db7de4e59683fb03e97900f078d06ef2292748/debian/rules#L19-21
# - https://salsa.debian.org/apache-team/apache2/blob/87db7de4e59683fb03e97900f078d06ef2292748/debian/rules#L115
		--enable-pie \
		CFLAGS="-pipe $CFLAGS" \
		CPPFLAGS="$CPPFLAGS" \
		LDFLAGS="-Wl,--as-needed $LDFLAGS" \
	; \
	make -j "$(nproc)"; \
	make install; \
	\
	cd ..; \
	rm -r src man manual; \
	\
	sed -ri \
		-e 's!^(\s*CustomLog)\s+\S+!\1 /proc/self/fd/1!g' \
		-e 's!^(\s*ErrorLog)\s+\S+!\1 /proc/self/fd/2!g' \
		-e 's!^(\s*TransferLog)\s+\S+!\1 /proc/self/fd/1!g' \
		-e 's!^(\s*User)\s+daemon\s*$!\1 www-data!g' \
		-e 's!^(\s*Group)\s+daemon\s*$!\1 www-data!g' \
		"$HTTPD_PREFIX/conf/httpd.conf" \
		"$HTTPD_PREFIX/conf/extra/httpd-ssl.conf" \
	; \
	grep -E '^\s*User www-data$' "$HTTPD_PREFIX/conf/httpd.conf"; \
	grep -E '^\s*Group www-data$' "$HTTPD_PREFIX/conf/httpd.conf"; \
	\
# reset apt-mark's "manual" list so that "purge --auto-remove" will remove all build dependencies
	apt-mark auto '.*' > /dev/null; \
	[ -z "$savedAptMark" ] || apt-mark manual $savedAptMark; \
	find /usr/local -type f -executable -exec ldd '{}' ';' \
		| awk '/=>/ { so = $(NF-1); if (index(so, "/usr/local/") == 1) { next }; gsub("^/(usr/)?", "", so); print so }' \
		| sort -u \
		| xargs -r dpkg-query --search \
		| cut -d: -f1 \
		| sort -u \
		| xargs -r apt-mark manual \
	; \
	apt-get purge -y --auto-remove -o APT::AutoRemove::RecommendsImportant=false; \
	\
# smoke test
	httpd -v

# https://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/stopping.html#gracefulstop
STOPSIGNAL SIGWINCH

COPY httpd-foreground /usr/local/bin/

EXPOSE 80
CMD ["httpd-foreground"]